Analysing and Reporting Moderating Effect

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First researcher should focus on the significance of the moderating effect (Z)

  • To clarify, it is possible that a moderator variable (M) may or may not have an effect on the dependent variable (Y)
  • Thus, the decision as to whether there is any moderating effect should be made based on a significance relationship between the moderating effect (Z) and the dependent variable (Y)   

Second, researchers must calculate and report the effect size (f 2), and how much it contributes to R2 as a function of the moderator

  • Only a few software packages (e.g. Smart PLS3.0) calculate f 2 by default
  • For other there are online spreadsheets which can be used to calculate effect size (see: http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com)



Lastly, researchers must execute and report a simple slope plot for visual inspection of the direction and strength of the moderating effect

  • SmartPLS users can check out a simple slope plot under ‘Final Results’ and ‘Simple Slope Analysis’  
  • Reemphasize the seventh step suggested by Andersson et al. (2014) that researcher should ‘return to theory’ when interpreting the results and explain them from  a theoretical viewpoint   



Sources from: Professor Dr. Dileep Workshop on Role of Theory, Moderation & Mediation on 3 August 2019.   

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